What is Cardiac Output?
Cardiac Output (CO) is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. It reflects the overall performance of the heart.
Normal Cardiac Output
- Normal adult: 4–8 L/min
CO is influenced by heart rate, stroke volume, preload, afterload, and contractility.
Related tools: Stroke Volume | Cardiac Index
Cardiac Output Calculator
Cardiac output (CO) measures the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. It is a fundamental indicator of cardiovascular performance and tissue perfusion.
What is Stroke Volume?
Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle with each heartbeat. It is influenced by preload, afterload, and myocardial contractility.
What is Heart Rate?
Heart rate represents the number of heartbeats per minute and directly impacts cardiac output.
How to Calculate Cardiac Output?
Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume × Heart Rate